This procedure opens narrowed airways (a condition called stenosis) and removes abnormal tissue that may be blocking airflow. It's commonly performed in patients with scar tissue, tumors, or inflammation in the trachea or bronchi. The goal is to restore normal breathing, reduce symptoms like wheezing or shortness of breath, and prevent airway collapse.

The procedure is done under general anesthesia. A bronchoscope — a thin, flexible, or rigid tube with a camera — is inserted through the mouth or nose into the windpipe. If there is a narrowing, a balloon or mechanical dilator is used to widen the airway. Any obstructive tissue is then carefully removed with surgical instruments or a laser. Afterward, the patient is monitored for swelling or breathing difficulty. Recovery is generally quick, though voice and breathing may differ for a few days. Some patients with chronic narrowing may need repeat procedures or follow-up imaging to maintain results.