This complex reconstructive procedure expands a narrowed or collapsed airway, often due to congenital problems, trauma, or prolonged intubation. A rib graft (usually harvested from the patient) is shaped and used to widen the airway, and a stent is placed to hold the airway open during healing.

Under general anesthesia, the neck is opened to access the airway. The narrowed area is split or removed, and the rib graft is placed to provide structural support. A stent is inserted and remains for several weeks. Patients are monitored closely during hospitalization for signs of swelling or infection. After the stent is removed, breathing and voice are reassessed. Recovery involves frequent follow-ups, and the voice may initially be hoarse or weak but often improves with therapy. This surgery is highly specialized and performed only by surgeons experienced in airway reconstruction.