A lymph node biopsy is a procedure to remove a small portion or all of a lymph node for testing. It's done when a node feels abnormally large, hard, or tender or when imaging suggests changes that could indicate infection, inflammation, or cancer. Lymph node biopsy helps determine the cause of the swelling and guides further treatment.

The biopsy is usually performed under local or general anesthesia, depending on the location and size of the lymph node. A small incision is made near the node — commonly in the neck — and the tissue is removed and sent to a lab. Recovery is quick, with minimal discomfort and a small scar. Most patients resume normal activities within a day or two. Results typically come back within a week. Risks are low but can include bleeding, infection, or nerve irritation, depending on the node's location.