Cidofovir is an antiviral medication used to treat recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP), a condition in which benign HPV-related growths develop in the airway. During this procedure, after removing the papillomas (often with a laser), the surgeon injects Cidofovir directly into the affected area to help reduce the recurrence of the disease.

The injection is done during microlaryngoscopy under general anesthesia. It is often part of a long-term management plan for patients who experience frequent recurrences of papillomas. Recovery is similar to other microlaryngoscopy procedures involving voice rest and follow-up endoscopic evaluations. While Cidofovir is not a cure, it can decrease many patients' severity and frequency of outbreaks.