A brush biopsy is a simple, minimally invasive way to collect surface cells from suspicious areas in the larynx (voice box) or pharynx (throat). It's often done when a small lesion or irregular tissue is seen during an endoscopy. Instead of removing tissue with forceps, a tiny brush is used to scrape the surface cells gently. The cells are then analyzed for abnormalities, including precancerous or cancerous changes.

The procedure is done in the office using a flexible scope and typically takes under 10 minutes. The throat is numbed with spray, and the brush is passed through the scope to collect a sample. Patients may feel a brief tickle or urge to cough, but the procedure is generally well tolerated. There's no need for sedation or downtime afterward — you can speak, eat, and return to daily activities immediately. It's a safe, low-risk way to screen suspicious lesions, especially for patients not yet ready for a surgical biopsy. While not a replacement for a full tissue sample if needed, brush biopsies offer a quick and effective first look at potential problems.